High-lift device of air vehicle

ABSTRACT

A high-lift device includes a flap body which is provided at a rear portion of a main wing which generates a lift for the air vehicle such that the flap body is deployed with respect to the main wing and stowed in the main wing and extends along a wingspan direction of the main wing; and a gap increasing section provided at an end portion of the flap body in an extending direction of the flap body, to increase a gap between the rear portion of the main wing and a front portion of the flap body in a state in which the flap body is deployed.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a high-lift device which is provided ina trailing edge portion of a main wing of an air vehicle (aircraft) suchthat the high-lift device can be deployed with respect to and stowed inthe main wing.

BACKGROUND ART

An air vehicle includes a high-lift device provided in a main wing. Thehigh-lift device is stowed in the main wing during cruising and deployedwith respect to the main wing during takeoff and landing. The high-liftdevice is an aerodynamic device for ensuring a lift (aerodynamic lift)during low-speed flight, and therefore is designed so that an emphasisis put on aerodynamic characteristics.

In recent years, demands for reduction of noise radiated from an airvehicle during takeoff and landing have been increasing. Under thecircumstances, a high-lift device is regarded as one of major noisesources, particularly during landing. Accordingly, there has beenproposed a high-lift device intended to reduce aerodynamic noise. Forexample, Patent Literature 1 discloses a noise reduction deviceconfigured to blow air through slots which are open in the top surface,side surface, and bottom surface of the main wing.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: U.S. Pat. No. 7,484,930

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

According to this noise reduction device, it is required that apneumatic source be positioned in the vicinity of the main wing, to blowthe air. When a dedicated compressor is used as the pneumatic source,the whole device becomes large in size, and the weight of a fuselageincreases. In addition, it is necessary to provide pipes for guiding airfrom the pneumatic source to the slots, inside a flap. Such a complexmechanism may result in an increase in work required to maintain thefuselage, such as inspection or maintenance, in addition to an increasein the weight, which will degrade practical performance.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to suitably reduceaerodynamic noise radiated from a high-lift device, withoutsubstantially increasing the weight of a fuselage and without degradingpractical performance.

Solution to Problem

According to the present invention, there is provided a high-lift deviceof an air vehicle, the high-lift device comprising: a flap body which isprovided at a rear portion of a main wing which generates a lift for theair vehicle such that the flap body is deployed with respect to the mainwing and stowed in the main wing and extends (is elongated) along awingspan direction of the main wing; and a gap increasing sectionprovided at an end portion of the flap body in an extending direction ofthe flap body, to increase a gap between the rear portion of the mainwing and a front portion of the flap body in a state in which the flapbody is deployed.

A leading edge portion of the end portion of the flap body in theextending direction may be located rearward relative to a leading edgeportion of a portion (remaining portion) of the flap body which portionis other than the end portion, a chord direction dimension of the endportion in the extending direction may be set smaller than a chorddirection dimension of a portion in the vicinity of the end portion inthe extending direction, and the gap increasing section may be formed bya gap formed forward relative to the leading edge portion of the endportion of the flap body in the extending direction.

The leading edge portion of the end portion of the flap body in theextending direction may have a shape in which an upper portion thereofis depressed relative to the leading edge portion of the portion of theflap body which portion is other than the end portion to form a recess,and the gap increasing section may be formed by the recess.

When a chord direction dimension of a portion of the flap body, whichportion is in the vicinity of the end portion in the extendingdirection, is L, a wingspan direction dimension of the gap increasingsection in a case where the gap increasing section is seen from adirection perpendicular to a main surface of the flap body, may be equalto or less than 100% of the dimension L, and a chord direction dimensionof the gap increasing section in a case where the gap increasing sectionis seen from the direction perpendicular to the main surface of the flapbody, may be equal to or less than 30% of the dimension L.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

In accordance with the present invention, it becomes possible tosuitably reduce aerodynamic noise radiated from a high-lift devicewithout substantially increasing the weight of a fuselage and degradingpractical performance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the schematic configuration of ahigh-lift device of an air vehicle of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a high-lift device according to a priorart example.

FIG. 3 is a plan view and a side view from the perspective of a tip end,showing the external appearance of the configuration of a flap body ofthe high-lift device according to Embodiment 1.

FIG. 4 is a view showing the high-lift device according to Embodiment 1,and showing the cross-section of a flap body taken in the direction ofarrows IV-IV of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a view showing the high-lift device according to Embodiment 1,and showing the cross-section of a flap body taken in the direction ofarrows V-V of FIG. 3.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing modified examples of Embodiment 1.

FIG. 7 is a plan view and a side view from the perspective of a tip end,showing the external appearance of the configuration of a flap body of ahigh-lift device according to Embodiment 2.

FIG. 8 is a view showing the high-lift device according to Embodiment 2,and showing the cross-section of the flap body taken in the direction ofarrows VIII-VIII of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a flap body and an enlarged side view of aportion of the flap body which portion is in the vicinity of its leadingedge portion, according to modified examples of Embodiment 2.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the flap body with a tapered portion anda sweptback angle.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing results of measurements of spectrumdistributions of a sound pressure, regarding the flap bodies.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing sound pressure levels (overall values) of theflap bodies of modified examples 1 to 5 of Embodiment 1.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing sound pressure levels (overall values) of theflap bodies of modified examples 1 to 5 of Embodiment 2.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

In a state in which a flap body is deployed with respect to a main wing,a vortex swirling from a lower surface side of a tip end portion in aspan direction (wingspan direction) which is an extending direction ofthe flap body to an upper surface side thereof, is formed, in thevicinity of the surface of the tip end portion. It is considered thatthis vortex is a cause of generation of aerodynamic noise. Accordingly,the present inventors conceived that the aerodynamic noise radiated fromthe high-lift device can be reduced effectively by weakening vortexstrength, and invented a high-lift device of an air vehicle of thepresent application.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described withreference to the drawings. Hereinafter, it is assumed that a fuselage(body of air vehicle) extends in a forward and rearward direction withits nose being at a front side. Throughout the drawings, the same orcorresponding components are identified by the same reference symbolsand will not be described repeatedly.

Main Wing and High-Lift Device

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the schematic configuration of ahigh-lift device 3 of an air vehicle of the present invention. As shownin FIG. 1, the air vehicle includes a fuselage 1 extending in theforward and rearward direction, a pair of right and left main wings 2(only right main wing is shown in FIG. 1), and high-lift devices 3. Thepair of main wings 2 extend leftward and rightward from the fuselage 1,respectively. Each of the high-lift devices 3 is mounted to the trailingedge portion of the main wing 2. In the present embodiment, thehigh-lift device 3 is of a slotted flap type or of a Fowler flap type.The high-lift device 3 is stowed in or deployed with respect to the mainwing 2. As shown in FIG. 1, a jet engine 4 is mounted to the main wing 2of the air vehicle 1, slats 5 are provided at a leading edge portionthereof, an inner auxiliary wing 6, an outer auxiliary wing 7, and thelike are provided at a trailing edge portion thereof.

The high-lift device 3 includes a flap body 11 and link mechanisms 12.The flap body 11 has a wing shape which is longer in a wingspandirection than in a chord direction. The wingspan direction of the flapbody 11 is substantially parallel to the wingspan direction of the mainwing 2. The link mechanisms 12 join the main wing 2 and the flap body 11to each other. An actuator (not shown) activates the link mechanisms 12to cause the flap body 11 to be stowed in and deployed with respect tothe main wing 2.

In a state in which the flap body 11 is stowed in the main wing 2, theleading edge portion of the flap body 11 is stowed to be positionedunder the trailing edge portion of the main wing 2. On the other hand,the trailing edge portion of the flap body 11 is exposed outside andconstitutes a part of the trailing edge portion of the main wing 2. In astate in which the flap body 11 is deployed with respect to the mainwing 2, the substantially entire portion of the flap body 11 protrudesrearward relative to the main wing 2 when viewed from above.

FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of a high-lift device 3′ accordingto a prior art example, and shows a state in which a flap body 11′ isdeployed with respect to the main wing 2. At the tip end portion of theflap body 11′ in the wingspan direction, due to a pressure differencebetween the upper surface side and the lower surface side, a vortex(indicated by solid-line arrows in FIG. 2) swirling from the lowersurface side of the flap body 11′ to the upper surface side thereofthrough a region facing a side end surface is generated. The positionand strength of the vortex change with a passage of time. The swirlingvortex interferes with the side end surface or upper surface of the flapbody 11′. From this, it can be estimated that aerodynamic noise isradiated from the high-lift device 3′ in the state in which thehigh-lift device 3′ is deployed with respect to the main wing 2.

In light of the above, the high-lift device 3 of the present embodimentis configured to reduce a pressure difference between the upper surfaceside and lower surface side of a tip end portion 11 a of the flap body11. Specifically, the tip end portion 11 a is provided with a gapincreasing section for increasing a gap between the rear portion of themain wing 2 and the front portion of the flap body 3 in the deployedstate. In a normal flap design, the gap is adjusted to optimize a liftgenerated in the flap body. Therefore, if this gap is increased to belarger than the adjusted dimension, airflow is locally separated fromthe upper surface and a pressure increases at the upper surface side ofthe tip end portion 11 a. As a result, the pressure difference betweenthe upper surface side and lower surface side of the tip end portion 11a decreases, the vortex swirling from the lower surface side to theupper surface side through the region facing the side end surface isweakened, and thus the aerodynamic noise is reduced. Hereinafter, thespecific example of the high-lift device 3 including the above describedgap increasing section will be described.

Embodiment 1: Shortened Leading Edge Form

FIG. 3 is a plan view and a side view from the perspective of a tip end,showing the external appearance of the configuration of the flap body 11of the high-lift device 3 according to Embodiment 1. The flap body 11 ofFIG. 3 entirely has a rectangular shape which is elongated in therightward and leftward direction (wingspan direction) when viewed fromabove. The tip end portion 11 a in the wingspan direction is providedwith a gap increasing section 20 formed by shortening its chord length.More specifically, a leading edge portion (hereinafter will be referredto as “tip end leading edge portion”) 21 of the tip end portion 11 a ofthe flap body 11 is located rearward relative to a leading edge portion(hereinafter will be referred to as “body leading edge portion”) 12 ofthe remaining portion (portion other than the tip end portion 11 a). Inaddition, the tip end portion 11 a is smaller in chord directiondimension than a portion in the vicinity of the tip end portion 11 a.The above gap increasing section 20 is formed by a space 22 formedforward relative to the tip end leading edge portion 21.

In other words, the space 22 forming the gap increasing section 20 isdefined by a front end surface 22 a of the tip end leading edge portion21 and a tip end surface 22 b of the remaining portion. In the presentembodiment, a trailing edge portion 11 b of the flap body 11 iscontinuous without a dimension difference over the entire wingspan(aligned trailing edge portion). Therefore, because of a positionaldifference between the leading edge portions 21, 12, the tip end portion11 a is shorter in chord length than the remaining portion.

The cross-sectional shape (shape of the cross-section perpendicular tothe wingspan direction) of the tip end portion 11 a of the flap body 11may be a cross-sectional shape in which a contour at the upper surfaceside and a contour at the lower surface side are connected to each otherat the leading edge portion with a curved contour. In the presentembodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the tip end portion 11 a issuch that the leading edge portion has a circular-arc shape with a largediameter, its thickness decreases toward the trailing edge portion, andthus the tip end portion 11 a is curved to protrude upward as a whole(see side view of FIG. 3).

FIG. 4 is a view showing the high-lift device 3 according toEmbodiment 1. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the main wing 2 and isa cross-sectional view of the flap body 11 taken in the direction ofarrows IV-IV of FIG. 3. FIG. 4 shows the state in which the flap body 11is deployed with respect to the main wing 2.

Initially, airflow travelling through a space above the body leadingedge portion 12 of the flap body 11 in the deployed state will bedescribed (see solid-line arrow in FIG. 4).

In the state in which the flap body 11 is deployed, the body leadingedge portion 12 is located forward relative to the trailing edge portion2 a (trailing edge portion of a portion stowing the flap body 11) of themain wing 2 in the chord direction. More specifically, the front end ofthe body leading edge portion 12 is located horizontally forwardrelative to the rear end of the trailing edge portion 2 a of the mainwing 2, and the front portion of the flap body 11 and the rear portionof the main wing 2 overlap with each other for a specified dimension. Agap with a specified dimension is formed between the upper surface ofthe body leading edge portion 12 and the lower surface of the trailingedge portion 2 a of the main wing 2. In this configuration, a relativelynarrow gap S1 is formed between the trailing edge portion 2 a of themain wing 2 and the body leading edge portion 12 of the flap body 11.

In the present embodiment, for example, the specified dimension of thefront portion of the flap body 11 and the rear portion of the main wing2 which overlap with each other is measured on condition that the chord(line segment connecting the leading edge to the trailing edge) of themain wing 2 is a reference. The above gap dimension is measured oncondition that a shortest distance between the trailing edge portion 2 aof the main wing 2 and the surface of the body leading edge portion 12is a reference.

Therefore, when the flap body 11 is deployed at the time of, forexample, landing, the air flowing along the lower surface of the mainwing 2 travels through the gap S1 and forms airflow travelling along theupper surface of the flap body 11 (see solid-line arrow in FIG. 4). Theairflow travelling above the body leading edge portion 12 is high invelocity because it travels through the gap S1 formed by a relativelynarrow gap. In addition, since the body leading edge portion 12 and thetrailing edge portion 2 a of the main wing 2 overlap with each other,the direction in which the airflow travels through the gap S1 is alongthe upper surface of the flap body 11. For this reason, on the uppersurface of the flap body 11, airflow travelling along the flap surfaceis generated, and separation of the airflow is suppressed. Thus, in aportion of the flap body 11 which portion is other than the tip endportion 11 a, a large lift is generated due to the gap adjustedproperly.

Next, the airflow travelling above the tip end leading edge portion 21of the flap body 11 will be described with reference to FIG. 5. FIG. 5is a view showing the high-lift device 3 according to Embodiment 1. FIG.5 is a cross-sectional view of the main wing 2 and is a cross-sectionalview (cross-sectional view of the tip end portion 11 a of the flap body11) of the flap body 11 taken in the direction of arrows V-V of FIG. 3.On the upper side of FIG. 5, the state in which the flap body 11 isdeployed with respect to the main wing 2, is shown, while on the lowerside of FIG. 5, the state in which the flap body 11 is stowed in themain wing 2, is shown. A broken line indicates the contour of the bodyleading edge portion 12.

In the state in which the flap body 11 is deployed, the tip end leadingedge portion 21 conforms to the trailing edge portion 2 a of the mainwing 2 or is located rearward relative to the trailing edge portion 2 ain the chord direction. More specifically, the front end of the tip endleading edge portion 21 is located rearward by a dimension correspondingto the space 22. Therefore, the front end of the tip end leading edgeportion 21 conforms to the rear end of the trailing edge portion 2 a ofthe main wing 2 or is located rearward relative to the rear end of thetrailing edge portion 2 a in the chord direction, and the front portionof the flap body 11 and the rear portion of the main wing 2 do notoverlap with each other. Since the front portion of the flap body 11 andthe rear portion of the main wing 2 do not overlap with each other,there is formed a large gap between the upper surface of the tip endleading edge portion 21 and the lower surface of the trailing edgeportion 2 a of the main wing 2. Therefore, a relatively wide gap S2 isformed between the tip end leading edge portion 21 and the trailing edgeportion 2 a of the main wing 2.

When the flap body 11 is deployed at the time of, for example, landing,the air flowing along the lower surface of the main wing 2 travelsthrough the gap S2, and forms airflow toward the upper surface of theflap body 11 (see solid-line arrow in FIG. 5). This airflow travelsthrough the relatively wide gap S2, and therefore its flow velocity islower than that in a case where the airflow travels through the gap S1.In addition, since there is no overlap portion between the tip endleading edge portion 21 of the flap body 11 and the trailing edgeportion 2 a of the main wing 2, the action for directing the airflowwhich has travelled through the gap S2, along the upper surface of theflap body 11, is lessened. Because of these effects, on the uppersurface of the tip end portion 11 a of the flap body 11, the airflow islocally separated and a pressure decrease is suppressed. Because ofthis, at the tip end portion 11 a, the pressure difference between theupper surface side and the lower surface side becomes small, and hencevortex strength is reduced. As a result, the aerodynamic noise can bereduced.

As described above, since the flap body 11 has a shape in which a gap ismade different between the tip end portion 11 a and the remainingportion (portion other than the tip end portion 11 a), the pressuredifference between the lower surface side and the upper surface side canbe made different between these portions. In the portion of the flapbody 11 which is other than the tip end portion 11 a, the gap isadjusted to increase a lift so that a lift can be increased effectively,which is an aim of the high-lift device. In contrast, in the tip endportion 11 a, the gap is increased to be larger than that of the portionother than the tip end portion 11 a so that a swirling vortex at the tipend portion 11 a which is a noise source can be weakened. This makes itpossible to effectively reduce the noise while suppressing effects onaerodynamic performance during takeoff and landing.

In FIGS. 4 and 5, reference symbol 13 a indicates a seal member whichcontacts the front end of the body leading edge portion 12 when the flapbody 11 is stowed in a stowing space 2 b, and reference symbol 13 bindicates a seal member which contacts the front end of the tip endleading edge portion 21 when the flap body 11 is stowed in a stowingspace 2 b. In the case of using the flap body 11 having the abovedescribed gap increasing section 20, a portion of the lower surface ofthe main wing 2, corresponding to the tip end leading edge portion 21 ofthe flap body 11, may be receded to the location of the seal member 13b. Thus, the contour of the whole wing in the state in which the flapbody 11 is stowed in the space 2 b is the same as that of the whole wingwhich is not provided with the gap increasing section 20. Therefore, theaerodynamic characteristic of the wing is not affected during thecruising.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing modified examples of Embodiment 1. For thegap increasing section 20 of the present embodiment, a wingspandirection dimension L1 of the space 22 (i.e., length of the tip endleading edge portion 21 in the wingspan direction), a chord directiondimension L2 of the space 22 (i.e., dimension of a difference in thechord direction between the tip end leading edge portion 21 and the bodyleading edge portion 12), and the location of the gap increasing section20 can be set to various values.

Specifically, in the gap increasing section 20 of Modified example 1 ofFIG. 6, the wingspan direction dimension L1 of the space 22 is set toabout 50% of the chord length L which is closest to the tip end portion11 a of the flap body 11 and the chord direction dimension L2 of thespace 22 is set to about 10% of the chord length L. This space 22 isopen at its tip end.

In the gap increasing section 20 of Modified example 2, the wingspandirection dimension L1 of the space 22 is set equal to that of Modifiedexample 1, and the chord direction dimension L2 of the space 22 is setto about 67% of that of Modified example 1 (about 7% of the chord lengthL). This space 22 is also open at its tip end.

In the gap increasing section 20 of Modified example 3, the wingspandirection dimension L1 of the space 22 is set equal to that of Modifiedexample 1, and the chord direction dimension L2 of the space 22 is setto about 33% of that of Modified example 1 (about 3% of the chord lengthL). This space 22 is also open at its tip end.

In the gap increasing section 20 of Modified example 4, the wingspandirection dimension L1 of the space 22 is set to about 25% of that ofModified example 1 (about 12.5% of the chord length L), and the chorddirection dimension L2 of the space 22 is equal to that of Modifiedexample 1. This space 22 is also open at its tip end.

In the gap increasing section 20 of Modified example 5, the wingspandirection dimension L1 of the space 22 is set to about 37.5% of thechord length L, and the chord direction dimension L2 of the space 22 isset to about 10% of the chord length L. This space 22 is positionedcloser to a base end portion than the end surface of the tip end portion11 a. Therefore, the tip end side is closed. Specifically, this space 22is positioned such that the space 22 is deviated closer to the base endfrom the end surface of the tip end portion 11 a of the flap body 11, bya distance of about 12.5% of the chord length L.

With the structures of these modified examples, a pressure decrease onthe upper surface of the tip end portion 11 a of the flap body 11, canbe suppressed. This reduces the pressure difference between the lowersurface side and the upper surface side of the tip end portion 11 a.Therefore, it becomes possible to mitigate the vortex strength, orsuppress generation of the vortex. As a result, the aerodynamic noisecan be reduced. When a lift required for the flap body 11 is taken intoaccount, the wingspan direction dimension L1 of the space 22 is morepreferably set to 100% or less of the chord length L of a portion in thevicinity of the space 22, and the chord direction dimension L2 of thespace 22 is more preferably set to 30% or less of the chord length L.

Embodiment 2: Cut Leading Edge Upper Surface

FIG. 7 is a plan view and a side view from the perspective of a tip end,showing the external appearance of the configuration of the flap body 11of the high-lift device 3 according to Embodiment 2. As in Embodiment 1,the flap body 11 of FIG. 7 entirely has a rectangular shape which iselongated in the rightward and leftward direction (wingspan direction)when viewed from above. The tip end portion 11 a in the wingspandirection is provided with a gap increasing section 30 formed bydepressing a portion of its upper portion.

More specifically, a recess 31 is formed on the upper portion of theleading edge portion (tip end leading edge portion) 21 of the tip endportion 11 a of the flap body 11 such that the recess 31 has an uppersurface 31 a which is depressed relative to the upper surface 12 a ofthe leading edge portion (body leading edge portion) 12 of the remainingportion (portion other than the tip end portion 11 a). This recess 31has a substantially rectangular shape when viewed from above, in whichit has a predetermined dimension L3 (preferably, dimension which isequal to or less than 100% of the chord length L) in the wingspandirection and a predetermined dimension L4 from the front end of the tipend leading edge portion 21 (see plan view of FIG. 7). The above gapincreasing section 30 is formed by a space 32 formed above the uppersurface 31 a of the recess 31.

Since the recess 31 is formed on the upper portion of the tip endleading edge portion 21, the thickness of the front end of the tip endleading edge portion 21 is smaller than the thickness of the front endof the remaining body leading edge portion 12.

FIG. 8 is a view showing the high-lift device 3 according to Embodiment2. FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the main wing 2 and is across-sectional view of the flap body 11 taken in the direction ofarrows VIII-VIII of FIG. 7 (cross-sectional view of the tip end portion11 a of the flap body 11). On the upper side of FIG. 8, the state inwhich the flap body 11 is deployed with respect to the main wing 2, isshown, while on the lower side of FIG. 8, the state in which the flapbody 11 is stowed in the main wing 2, is shown. A broken line indicatesthe contour of the body leading edge portion 12.

In the high-lift device 3 of the present embodiment, the airflow travelsabove the body leading edge portion 12, in the same manner as thatdescribed with reference to FIG. 4 in Embodiment 1. In the presentembodiment, the airflow travelling above the tip end leading edgeportion 21 of the flap body 11 will be described. Because of thepresence of the recess 31, a gap which is larger than the gap of thebody leading edge portion 12, is formed between the upper surface 31 a(upper surface of the recess 31) of the tip end leading edge portion 21and the lower surface of the trailing edge portion 2 a of the main wing2. Thus, a relatively wide gap S3 is formed between the tip end leadingedge portion 21 and the trailing edge portion 2 a of the main wing 2.

Therefore, when the flap body 11 is deployed at the time of, forexample, landing, the air flowing along the lower surface of the mainwing 2 travels through the gap S3 and forms airflow travelling towardthe upper surface of the flap body 11 (see solid-line arrow in FIG. 8).This airflow travels through the relatively wide gap S3, and thereforethe flow velocity of this airflow is lower than that of the airflowtravelling through the gap S1 (see FIG. 4). In addition, the recess 31mitigates the action for directing the airflow along the upper surfaceof the flap body 11. Due to these effects, the airflow is locallyseparated and a pressure decrease is suppressed, on the upper surface ofthe tip end portion 11 a of the flap body 11. Therefore, at the tip endportion 11 a, the pressure difference between the upper surface side andthe lower surface side becomes small, and hence vortex strength isreduced. As a result, the aerodynamic noise can be reduced.

In the case of using the flap body 11 of the present embodiment, in thestate in which the flap body 11 is stowed in the space 2 b of the mainwing 2, the contour of the whole wing is the same as that of the wholewing which is not provided with the gap increasing section 30.Therefore, in the case of using the flap body 11 having the aboveconfiguration, the aerodynamic characteristic of the wing is notaffected during the cruising.

FIG. 9 is a plan view of the flap body 11 and an enlarged side view of aportion of the flap body 11 which portion is in the vicinity of itsleading edge, according to modified examples of Embodiment 2. For thegap increasing section 30 according to the present embodiment, thewingspan direction dimension L3 of the recess 31 (i.e., wingspandirection dimension of the space 32), the chord direction dimension L4of the recess 31 (i.e., chord direction dimension of the space 32), andthe location of the gap increasing section 30 can be set to variousvalues.

Specifically, in the gap increasing section 30 of Modified example 1 ofFIG. 9, the wingspan direction dimension L3 of the recess 31 is set toabout 50% of the chord length L which is closest to the tip end portion11 a of the flap body 11 and the chord direction dimension L4 of therecess 31 is set to about 14% of the chord length L. The space 32 formedby the recess 31 is open at its tip end.

Specifically, in the gap increasing section 30 of Modified example 2,the wingspan direction dimension L3 of the recess 31 is equal to that ofModified example 1 and the chord direction dimension L4 of the recess 31is set to about 50% of that of Modified example 1 (about 7% of the chordlength L). The space 32 formed by the recess 31 is also open at its tipend.

In the gap increasing section 30 of Modified example 3, the dimension L3and the dimension L4 of the recess 31 are equal to those of Modifiedexample 1, and the depth of the recess 31 is different from that ofModified example 1. Specifically, the depth of the recess 31 is smallerin the gap increasing section 30 of Modified example 3 than in the gapincreasing section 30 of Modified example 1. In particular, the gapincreasing section 30 of Modified example 3 is configured such that thedimension of a portion of the recess 31 which is in the vicinity of thefront end of the tip end leading edge portion 21, is substantially equalto that of Modified example 1, and the depth of the rear portion of therecess 31 is smaller than that of Modified example 1.

In the gap increasing section 30 of Modified example 4, the wingspandirection dimension L3 of the recess 31 is set to about 25% of that ofModified example 1 (about 12.5% of the chord length L), and the chorddirection dimension L4 of the recess 31 is equal to that of Modifiedexample 1. The space 32 formed by the recess 31 is also open at its tipend.

In the gap increasing section 30 of Modified example 5, the wingspandirection dimension L3 of the recess 31 is set to about 75% of that ofModified example 1 (about 37.5% of the chord length L), and the chorddirection dimension L4 of the recess 31 is equal to that of Modifiedexample 1. Furthermore, the recess 31 of Modified example 5 is placed tobe closer to the base end portion than the end surface of the tip endportion 11 a is. Therefore, the space 32 formed by the recess 31 isclosed at the tip end side. Specifically, this recess 31 is positionedto be deviated closer to the base end from the end surface of the tipend portion 11 a of the flap body 11, by a distance of about 12.5% ofthe chord length L.

With the structures of these modified examples, a pressure decrease onthe upper surface of the tip end portion 11 a of the flap body 11, canbe suppressed. This reduces the pressure difference between the lowersurface side and the upper surface side of the tip end portion 11 a.Therefore, it becomes possible to mitigate the vortex strength, orsuppress generation of the vortex. As a result, the aerodynamic noisecan be reduced. When a lift required for the flap body 11 is taken intoaccount, the wingspan direction dimension L1 of the recess 31 is morepreferably set to 100% or less of the chord length L of a portion in thevicinity of the space 32, and the chord direction dimension L4 of therecess 31 is more preferably set to 30% or less of the chord length L.

Although in Embodiment 1, the front end line of the body leading edgeportion 12 and the front end line of the tip end leading edge portion 21are substantially parallel to each other, the present invention is notlimited to this. For example, the front end line of the tip end leadingedge portion 21 may be inclined with respect to the front end line ofthe body leading edge portion 12. Although in Embodiment 2, the frontend line of the body leading edge portion 12 and the rear end line ofthe recess 31 are substantially parallel to each other, the presentinvention is not limited to this. For example, the rear end line of therecess 31 may be inclined with respect to the front end line of the bodyleading edge portion 12.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the flap body with a tapered portion anda sweptback angle, as an example of the flap body 11. As shown in FIG.10, the planar shape of the flap body 11 is generally a tapered wing ora swept wing (wing shape with a sweptback angle). The tapered wingrefers to a wing in which the chord length (C tip) of the tip end of thewing is shorter than the chord length (C root) of the root of the wing.The swept wing refers to a wing in which the tip end position of thewing is deviated rearward relative to the root position of the wing.Even when the present invention is applied to the tapered wing or theswept wing, the advantages similar to those of the above embodiments canbe achieved. Specifically, the leading edge portion of the tip endportion of the tapered wing or the swept wing is provided with the gapincreasing section formed by the shortened leading edge (Embodiment 1)or the cut leading edge upper surface (Embodiment 2). Thus, it becomespossible to effectively reduce the noise while lessening the effects onthe aerodynamic performance during takeoff and landing.

In brief, it is sufficient that the pressure difference between theupper surface and the lower surface of the flap body 11 can be reducedby separating from the upper surface, the airflow traveling on the uppersurface side of the flap body 11. To achieve this, the flap body 11 maybe configured to have the gap increasing section for increasing the gapbetween the trailing edge portion 2 a of the main wing 2 and the tip endleading edge portion 21 of the flap body 11 such that this gap is largerthan the gap S1 corresponding to the body leading edge portion 12 of theflap body 11.

FIG. 11 is a graph showing results of measurements of spectrumdistributions (i.e., frequency characteristic) of a sound pressure bywind tunnel testing, for the flap bodies with three kinds of shapes.FIG. 11 shows the flap body (in FIG. 11, basic) which is not providedwith the gap increasing section, the flap body of Modified example 1 ofEmbodiment 1, and the flap body of Modified example 1 of Embodiment 2.Note that the sound pressure level on a vertical axis is obtained bycompensating the sound pressure level into A characteristic, while thefrequency on a horizontal axis is obtained by compensating the frequencyassuming a particular actual aircraft size.

As can be seen from FIG. 11, the sound pressure level is lower in theflap bodies of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 than the flap body of thebasic shape. In particular, it can be seen that in the flap bodies ofEmbodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, the sound pressure level is lowered inthe vicinity of 800 Hz in which the effects on the noise are high.

FIG. 12 is a graph showing sound pressure levels (overall values) of theflap bodies of modified examples 1 to 5 of Embodiment 1. FIG. 13 is agraph showing sound pressure levels (overall values) of the flap bodiesof modified examples 1 to 5 of Embodiment 2. Each of these valuesindicates a change amount with respect to the sound pressure level(overall value) of the flap body with the basis shape, and is calculatedbased on the measurement values by the wind tunnel testing.

As described above, in accordance with the high-lift device of the airvehicle of the present invention, the noise can be reduced significantlymerely by changing the shape of a portion (very small portion relativeto the whole area of the flap body) of the flap body. Specifically, theshape of the end portion of the flap body in the wingspan direction(extending direction) is changed, and only the leading edge portion ofthe end portion is changed. Because of this, it becomes possible toeffectively reduce the noise while lessening the effects on theaerodynamic performance during takeoff and landing.

In general, spars which are structural members extend in the wingspandirection inside the flap body. Since only the shape of the leading edgeportion of the end portion is changed as described above, the layout ofthe spars is not affected. This eliminates a need for changing thelayout of the spars in the existing flap body. Also, it becomes possibleto avoid a situation in which the spars discontinue in the vicinity ofthe tip end portion 11 a, or separate spars are provided at at the tipend portion 11 a, and as a result, the weight increases.

Furthermore, in the high-lift device of the present invention, the gapincreasing section for realizing reduction of the noise has a verysimple shape, and does not have a complex mechanism and a complex shape.Therefore, an increase in the weight does not occur and maintenance canbe carried out easily. Moreover, as described above, the shape which issimilar to the conventional wing shape can be realized in the state inwhich the flap body is stowed in the main wing. Therefore, theaerodynamic characteristics are not effected during cruising.

As described above, the high-lift device of the present invention iscapable of reducing noise significantly while lessening effects on theaerodynamic characteristics of the whole wing, is improved in design,manufacture, and maintenance, and is highly practical.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention has advantages that it becomes possible tosuitably reduce aerodynamic noise radiated from a high-lift devicewithout substantially increasing the weight of a fuselage and degradingpractical performance, and is effectively applied to an air vehicleincluding the high-lift device.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   1 fuselage-   2 main wing-   3 high-lift device-   11 flap body-   12 body leading edge portion-   20 gap increasing section-   21 tip end leading edge portion-   22 space-   30 gap increasing section-   31 recess-   32 space

The invention claimed is:
 1. A high-lift device of an air vehicle, thehigh-lift device comprising: a flap body which is provided at a rearportion of a main wing of the air vehicle such that the flap body isdeployed with respect to the main wing and stowed in the main wing andextends along a wingspan direction of the main wing, wherein the flapbody includes a tip end portion which is an end portion in an extendingdirection of the flap body, and a body portion which is a portion otherthan the tip end portion; and a gap section provided in front of aleading edge portion of the tip end portion and vertically penetratingthe flap body, the leading edge portion of the tip end portion beinglocated rearward relative to a leading edge portion of the body portion,and a chord direction dimension of the tip end portion being set smallerthan a chord direction dimension of the body portion, to increase a gapbetween the rear portion of the main wing and a front portion of the tipend portion of the flap body in such a manner that the gap is largerthan a space between the rear portion of the main wing and the frontportion of the body portion in a state in which the flap body isdeployed, the gap section provided so that air flowing along a lowersurface of the main wing travels through the gap toward an upper surfaceof the flap body to weaken a swirling vortex from a lower surface of theflap body to an upper surface of the flap body, at the tip end portionof the flap body, wherein the gap section is open on a tip end portionside of the flap body.